Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Assignment

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies - Assignment Example Through strategic positioning of the products and services of Skype, Microsoft strategically noticed the level of usage of Skype, through the voice and video calling application in addition to other features. Strategically, the acquisition connected the business of Microsoft Corporation and blended well with other services and products of this corporation. This also facilitated the strategic evaluation of the priorities of its products, as well as the development of business strategies of the corporation (Gaughan, 2010). The fact that Skype was a computer to computer based telephone program, made it even more ideal for Microsoft Corporation. Once it was acquired, the corporation was able to provide voice services to its wide range of clients across the globe, and this placed the corporation strategically for providing a wide range of services. This was not only a strategic decision for marketing the products of the corporation, but also a wise move that has seen the corporation incre ase its market share (Frankel, 2007). The justification for the opinion is that Microsoft is able to generate revenue through Skype, both locally and internationally through the services of the acquisition. This is facilitated by the fact that the services are computer based, and thus cheaper than the rates of other companies (Ulijn, 2010). Identification of a probable candidate corporation that has not been involved in mergers or acquisitions, and explanations why this company would be a profitable target Although mergers and acquisitions are applied by corporations strategically to finance and effectively manage the dealings of the corporation, through effective combination of various companies as well as similar entities that have a common enterprise for effective and rapid growth, there are corporations that have purely ignored this corporate strategy. Most corporations purchase companies and business entities for the purpose of combining their enterprise strategies (Gaughan, 20 10). An evaluation of the business-level strategy and one corporate-level strategy of a corporation that operates internationally, which is recommended for improvement The practice has clearly demonstrated that corporations that operate at the international level are subjected to more barriers and risks, due to the dynamic changes associated with the various regions across the globe. For the purpose of effective management of these risks, there is need for such corporations to evaluate the business-level strategies for the purpose of realizing the true value of conducting business at the international level (Frankel, 2007). A business-level strategy is fundamental for increasing the business value of any corporation. It is a very critical point for the corporation to identify and apply and appropriate business-level strategy. The practice of mergers and acquisitions has been applied by most corporations for the purpose of realizing the business-level strategies that are ideal for th eir cases. It is a very common trend which has seen most international corporations change their image in order for them to meet the demands and values of the consumer base. Apple has ideally identified such features through its technologically marketing strategies. The corporation has adopted modern quality appeals to

Communication theory assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication theory assignment - Essay Example Social penetration essentially describes a procedure in which a relationship changes from being non-intimate to being intimate. According to this theory, this process is spurred by self-disclosure. It also assumes that relationship development is for the most part a methodical and predictable procedure whose deterioration, should it occur, would go through the same process. Altman and Taylor came up with a pattern that is divided into four separate stages of development. The first phase basically describes orientation and takes place in all public settings where people meeting for the first time will only reveal a small part of themselves to their new acquaintances. For example, at a party in a new club, an individual who is attracted to a stranger is not likely to reveal all of his secrets and family data to the subject of his interest but might only mention his name. According to Altman and Taylor’s social penetration stage, the second phase is the place of exploratory affec tive exchange (Guerrero, Andersen and Afifi, 2012). This usually occurs after two individuals meet again and start learning each others’ personalities. At this stage, the two individuals will start to show more trust in the former acquaintance and reveal more of themselves. They may also begin to explore each other’s lives by asking questions that might have been considered as being intrusive if they were asked in the first stage. In this stage, the two individuals have basically overcome the mild discomfort associated with being in the presence of strangers and begin to share private attributes about themselves with their new friend because they consider him or her to be more than an acquaintance. At the second phase, the relationship is more relaxed and is moving in the direction of being even more intimate. Such developments inspire a feeling of caring about the other individual in both of the parties involved. The third stage is involves affective exchange. Accordi ng to the social penetration theory, the stage of affective exchange is viewed as being a conduit to the most intense level of intimacy (DeVito, 2004). This is because, in this stage, the two relating individuals will consciously begin to separate from people with whom they are mere friends in order to further develop their relationship with the new individual in their life. This can actually result in misunderstandings with other friends who may resent the influence of the new friend on their comrade. However, this small conflict does not affect the resolve of the two people in question to develop their relationship further if they are omitted to doing so. The fourth stage of the social penetration theory is the ‘stable exchange’ phase. This involves the deepest level of intimacy and is typified by continuous development of the newly formed intimate relationship and a constant openness between the two individuals who are concerned (Kanu, 2008). At this stage, there are no remaining secrets between the two relating individuals and they also function as a single entity. At this stage, both individuals can interpret the feelings of each other and can communicate even without articulating what they are feeling. At this stage, the two relating partners will also have completely removed the outer layers that they use to keep other strangers at bay. It is likely that they will

Perspectives Of Moral Development

Perspectives Of Moral Development Morality has different principal meanings. In its first, descriptive usage, morality means a code of conduct or belief which is held to be authoritative in matters of right and wrong. Morals are created and defined by society, philosophy, religion, and/or individual conscience. Morality is also synonymous with ethics. Ethics is the philosophical study of the moral domain. Ethics seeks to address questions such as how a moral outcome can be achieved in a specific situation, how moral values should be determined, and what morals people actually abide by. This paper and presentation will discuss morality as it relates to the learning and cognitive perspectives in psychology, with the primary goal of discovering which perspective is stronger and why. There are many different theories of moral development, all with their own strengths and weaknesses. Perspectives, such as the competing learning and cognitive perspectives in this paper, try to explain why morality exists amongst humans. In this paper, we will discuss several important learning and cognitive theories of moral development and their associated critiques. More specifically, from the learning perspective, we will discuss Banduras social learning theory of moral development, Kohlbergs stages of moral development and Gillians expanded research on Kohlbergs stages of moral development. In particular, the cognitive perspective also shows to be particularly convincing in presenting morality in its light. The cognitive perspective brings many things to the table, such as, how evolutionary adaptive selfishness and never feeling anonymous can create ethical behavior and morality. The cognitive perspective ventures to say morality is only understood when seen in collections of people seeking their own self interest. Included in this paper is a study that supports this selfish tendency of humans. Morality can also been seen as an interplay of emotions and cognition. Lastly, through the cognitive perspective, cause and effect and brain structures are used to help explain morality. Learning Perspectives Social Learning Perspective Social learning is the acquisition of new behavior from watching others demonstration actions (children see, children do) (Bandura, 1969). It is important to note that just because you learn an observable behavior from someone else does not mean that you fully imitate that behavior. When discussing morality, people may pick up only certain pieces from observing others moral action, emulating to achieve the same goal, not imitating the exact motor functions. This is prevalent when discussing how we develop our morality. Most moral development theories state that acquisition of morality often occurs during childhood, as explained later on. One of the most important theories of moral development is Banduras social learning theory of moral development. According to social learning, a childs acquisition of adult moral standards is a gradual process of imitating the observable values and behavior of others. In this theory, moral development is learned through modeling (Bandura, 1969). Bandura believed that direct reinforcement does not account for all learning and intrinsic reinforcement as a form of internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and sense of accomplishment (Wagoner). Modeling teaches new behaviors, influences the frequency of previously learned behaviors, encourages previously forbidden behaviors, and increases the frequency of similar behaviors (Bandura, 1969). In order for modeling to work accurately, a person must be paying attention to the observable behavior, retain knowledge of the behavior, be able to replicate it, and have motivation of intrinsic-positive reinforcement. Modeling can be seen in the variety of ways people acquire their personal moral behavior. Primary attainment of morality is derived from immediate family. As a child your parents teach you their perspective of right and wrong through both contingencies and observational learning. For example the parents donate their clothes to the Salvation Army as an act of good will; by the child observing this behavior, he learns to be charitable and donate his clothes as well. Religion also heavily influences moral development by teaching a child to believe and ask for help from a higher power or creator. If a child were to go to church every Sunday growing up they would learn to have similar morals as the congregation such as helping others, living for the higher power, and differentiating between good and evil. Another important influence on childrens moral development is their education. In school, if a child sees another child get in trouble for cheating, that child will view the punishment a nd choose not to pick up the unmoral behavior of the other student. Other moral inspirations can include, but are not limited to media, peers, mentors, and positive role models. Overall, this model is the most frequently used when discussing moral development, but no theory comes without critiques. Our evaluation of this theory leads us to believe that this theory does not take into account that everyone has different ideas of morality. Therefore, what may be seen as just in ones life may not be for another. Another issue is whether morality develops out of intention or behavior. For example, if a person knows that his married friends husband is cheating of her, and tells her with the good intention of helping their marriage and it actually causes a murder, even though the friends intention was moral, the end result is not. This theory does not account for such ambiguities. Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development Another important theory is Kohlbergs stages of Moral development. He based his theory on research and interviews that he conducted with children at younger ages. Kohlbergs theory consisted of six stages, and he was not so interested in the yes or no answers he received, but more on the logic behind the response (Jorgenson, 2006). The six stages included obedience and punishment orientation, individualism and exchange, good interpersonal relationships, maintaining the social order, social contract and individual rights, and universal principles (Jorgenson, 2006). Along with these six stages were three levels: pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality. Through the stages and levels the children begin to see that there is not just one authority, and there are different sides to all situations (Jorgenson, 2006). They also emphasize on being a good person, obeying laws, and concentrate on values that will make for a good society. Pre-conventional le vel holds stages one and two, and is when the child focuses on external consequences of a certain action (Jorgenson, 2006). At the conventional level the person is concerned with right or wrong and obeys laws rules and societys norms without consequences, and contains stages three and four (Jorgenson, 2006). Last the post-conventional level which composes stages five and six allows the person to realize to live by their own principles and definition of right and wrong (Jorgenson, 2006). Is it right or wrong to take something that is desperately needed if you have been turned down to receiving it? In one of Kohlbergs examples a women has a deadly disease and needs some rare medicine that the town druggist makes and sells for way too much. The husband of the women gathers some money, but not enough and asks the druggist for to give him the drug for what money he does have. The druggist of course says no, and later that night the husband breaks into the store and takes the medicine, so his wife does not have to suffer (Jorgenson, 2006). There are many different answers to this question, but your morals would be justified with your response. As any other theory Kohlbergs had critiques as well. The major dilemma with this particular theory is that some psychologists found it sexist. The six stages were more directed towards men than women (Jorgenson, 2006). Another problem with Kohlbergs theory is that is limited to morals and excludes moral values such as caring, and that there is an overlap between some of the stages. Critics also state that Kohlberg overemphasizes justice when making a moral decision. One last critique that seems to be an issue is the difference in knowing what we need to do and actually doing it. Gilligans Perspective of Moral Development Expanding on Kohlbergs theory, Carol Gilligan complained against male-centered psychology including Kohlbergs theory of moral development. Gilligan proposed stages of moral development for women. Her theory is very similar to Kohlbergs stages in that there is a preconvention, conventional, and post conventional stage, but what she discovered through her years of work with women is that when women make monumental moral decisions they are more concerned with caring than the rules of the game (Jorgenson, 2006). For Gilligan, the transitions between the stages are fueled by changes in the sense of self rather than in changes in cognitive capability (Jorgenson, 2006). With that in mind, Gilligan explained that the goal of the first stage is individual survival, transitioning from selfishness to responsibility for others. The second stages goal is to learn that self-sacrifice is goodness and a person transition is from goodness into truth that you are a person. Followed by the third, post conventional stage, where the goal is learning the principle of non-violence. (Jorgenson, 2006) Cognitive Perspectives Adaptation From the cognitive perspective, one way of explaining morality is by using evolution. From this viewpoint it is argued that more altruistic behavior was (in our ancestry) more beneficial than selfish behavior, which increased fitness for the non-selfish competing homo-sapiens. This would indeed allow more success than selfish behavior (Gintis, Henrich, Bowles, Boyd, Fehr, 2008). When it comes to surviving, it is of course easier to work as a group. This goes along well with the discussion that took place in Intro to Cognition class about whether or not there is truly a genuine altruistic act. In this particular case, the homo-sapiens that are less selfish are more altruistic, however, they are acting in their best interest. So it really depends on how one defines altruism. If altruism is defined by a person receiving zero benefit from a selfless act, then defending true altruism is quite difficult. It could be argued that a seemingly selfless act always provides a reward to an organ ism, whether it is internal or external. If the reward is not material, then it could be in the form of, for lack of better terms, a warm cozy feeling. Anonymity Discounting morality as an adaptation, Price explains being charitable to strangers as a carry over from our Pleistocene ancestors. In the past we encountered few strangers and our Pleistocene brains confused strangers with acquaintances and even kin. Furthermore, Price believes we act ethically under anonymous conditions, because anonymity was rare in our hunter-gatherer times. With anonymity being so rare, our stone-age brains never really act as if we are not being closely watched and socially evaluated (as cited in Gintis, Henrich, Bowles, Boyd, Fehr, 2008). It seems that we always think we are on stage even though we are not. Group survival One may argue that genuine altruism exists, but consider that an altruistic act, which may be costly to an individual may benefit the survival of a group (Gintis, Henrich, Bowles, Boyd, Fehr, 2008). Benefiting the group also benefits the individual that acted altruistically. So is this true altruism? Could our morality be based off of cognitive processes that are just a long run of our own self interest (Dawkins, 1989)? This further highlights the evolutionary advantages of morality. Taking the perspective that humans are purely survival machines, it is clear that ones self-interest is best preserved when being a team player. As R.D. Alexander put it in The Biology of Moral Systems, ethics, morality, human conduct, and the human psyche are to be understood only if societies are seen as collections of individuals seeking their own self-interest (as cited in, Gintis, Henrich, Bowles, Boyd, Fehr, 2008). Saving yourself vs. others To further show the evolutionary ingrained self-interest to act morally, a study by Moore, Clark, and Kane (2008), accurately predicted that killing to save oneself and other people would be more acceptable than killing to save only other people. When the situation called for inflicting harm to save only others, the harm was considered especially inappropriate. However, when the situation called for saving themselves and others, the harm was particularly appropriate. Factors such as personal or impersonal nature of inflicted harm, the benefit to the agent, the inevitability of victims deaths, and individual differences in Working-Memory-Capacity were all factors taken into account with this study. Emotion and Cognition Both emotion and cognition are at play with moral judgment, but it is still unclear as to how they interact. One view suggests that even though emotion and cognition operate together, they are dependent on largely separable neural systems. This is best seen when looking at difficult moral decisions associated with response conflict, leading to a competition between the limbic (emotional) and cognitive brain regions. In this scenario, automatic emotional responses must be suppressed by rational (cognitive) top-down processes so that better decisions can be made (Moll, de Oliveira-Souza, Zahn, 2008). Cause and Effect A way to look at the cognitive perspective of morality is based off of influence and consequence. People tend to make decisions based on the nature of the effect their actions will have on them. Moral judgment is said to be a cognitive process which is developed naturally. Cognitive scientists believe that the mind functions by means of heuristics-fast and frugal procedures for forming beliefs, reaching decisions, and performing actions (W. Armstrong, 14). Piaget states that morality is acquired through construction-actively thinking about multiple aspects of situations in which social conflicts arise and deriving new moral understandings. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, a strong follower of Piaget, the center of moral choice and feelings are based on the outcome of personal well being (Garcia, Solis p. 349). Kohlberg lays out six stages of moral development. In his book, Theories of Development, W.C. Crain summarizes Kohlbergs stages well. Collectively, in the six stages, a child co nceives right and wrong according to his authorities, then notices differentiating sides to issues and decides to pursue his own interest. As the child develops, he begins to absorb the societys values and expectations, and finally decides to adhere to the morals he thinks are accurate. This coincides with the beliefs that morality is both a learned and mental process. Brain Structures Morality is also said to be connected with brain structures and chemical reactions within the brain. These findings are mainly the result of the analysis and study of patients with changes in their social and moral behavior as a consequence of acquired brain injuries, as well as the study of normal and pathologic behaviors with structural and functional neuroimaging (Garcia, Solis p. 352). Lets go to the case of Phineas Gage. Gage was a railroad worker who had an accident on the job resulting in a rod piercing his brain and destroying his frontal lobes. Prior to his accident, Gage was well balanced, intelligent, and respectful. Afterwards, his friends described him as fitful, irreverent, and grossly profane, showing little deference for his fellows (Macmillan). The frontal lobe is believed to be the motor house for morality and cognition. According to researchers, any dysfunction in the frontal lobes of the brain shows a disassociation between social cognition and moral knowledge. Th e person no longer understands what morals are and how they affect his behavior. Research done by scientists at Harvard, Caltech, and the University of California concluded that there is a direct link between the neuro-anatomy of emotion and moral judgment. According to F. A. Von Hayek, humans do not directly perceive and respond. Instead, human perceptions, thoughts and actions are the result of internal transformations and computations that follow from processes repeatedly carried out by our minds (E. Gick). This belief associates with the dual process theory of moral judgment. Hayek supposes that we as individuals live in two worlds, a substantial one and phenomenal one. In our bodies, our minds are always processing new information. Our neurotransmitters, when excited by a stimuli, will send messages to our brain, which will in turn elicit a certain response. At times, a person can react one way when enticed by a stimulus, and a completely different way when enticed by that same stimuli in a different environment. Conclusion Both the learning and cognitive perspectives bring great arguments to the table; however, our group believes that the cognitive perspective wins out with more supporting scientific evidence. There is an obvious interplay between both perspectives. You must have a predisposing for moral development but you also must have an aspect of social learning involved. We have reasoned that people act morally by socially learning from their family, peers and other environmental factors, nevertheless, morality is ingrained in our brain. There are no morals without a place to put them. With that in mind, organisms have evolved into moral beings because it is beneficial to the person; making altruistic acts nonexistent. Another reason we believe the cognitive perspective to be stronger is because of the anatomy of the brain. Damage to the frontal lobes will change cognition, specifically moral cognition. Also, in general moral development is a cognitive process, led by the idea of heuristics. The social learning theory may explain morality in one aspect, but the organism still has to choose what they think (cognition) is moral behavior. Therefore, choosing the learning perspective as the strongest argument would be understandable and debatable, but without the cognitive backbone, morality would not exist.

William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury Essay -- Faulkner Sound Fury

William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury In William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, the image of honeysuckle is used repeatedly to reflect Quentin’s preoccupation with Caddy’s sexuality. Throughout the Quentin section of Faulkner’s work, the image of honeysuckle arises in conjunction with the loss of Caddy’s virginity and Quentin’s anxiety over this loss. The particular construction of this image is unique and important to the work in that Quentin himself understands that the honeysuckle is a symbol for Caddy’s sexuality. The stream of consciousness technique, with its attempt at rendering the complex flow of human consciousness, is used by Faulkner to realistically show how symbols are imposed upon the mind when experiences and sense perceptions coalesce. Working with this modernist technique, Faulkner is able to examine the creation function of symbols in human consciousness. The occurrences of honeysuckle in the Quentin section suggest that Quentin came to view this plant as a symbol for Caddy’s sexuality involuntarily. When Quentin attempts to convince his father that he was the one who impregnated Caddy, he connects honeysuckle with his sister’s loss of virginity: â€Å"I fooled you all the time I was in the house where that damn honeysuckle trying not to think the swing the cedars the secret surges the breathing locked drinking the wild breath the yes Yes Yes yes† (94). In Quentin’s memory of the night Caddy lost her virginity, he recalls honeysuckle as a significant element of the event. In addition, he is hostile towards the plants and its meaning, which can be seen in his damning of it. This connection to the sexual act and the hostility, which is ascribed to it, suggests the internal conflict in his anger... ... of our deepest memories, rather they are active forces in our life, capable of controlling the mind of the individual. Works Cited Bauer, Margaret D. Southern Literary Journal. â€Å"`I Have Sinned in That I Have Betrayed the Innocent Blood': Quentin's Recognition of His Guilt.† 2000: 32.2 70-90. Bockting, Ineke. Style. â€Å"The impossible world of the `schizophrenic': William Faulkner's Quentin Compson.† 1990:24.3 484-498. Kartiganer, Donald M. â€Å"The Meaning of Form in The Sound and the Fury.† The Sound and the Fury. Ed. David Minter. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1994. 333. Vickery, Olga W. â€Å"The Sound and the Fury: A Study in Perspectives.† The Sound and the Fury. Ed. David Minter. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1994. 285. Zender, Karl F. American Literature. â€Å"Faulkner and the Politics of Incest.† 1998: 70.4 739-766.

Visual storytelling in films

Literature Review Introduction In this foreword subdivision, more than a few factors that shape the art of associating visuals and narratives in movies will be listed down. These factors will be the root of the research in order to execute the methodological analysis analysis of the thesis, in add-on to replying the research inquiries every bit good as analysing the obtained consequences from the research. Ocular Storytelling in Films: What is it? The exact description of ocular storytelling is difficult to trap down compactly as there are assorted schools of idea sing the affair. All the same, The International Film School of Paris ( EICAR ) had defined it honestly as â€Å"Communicating visually in signifiers that can be read or looked upon. In film a narrative is most ocular when thoughts and emotions are expressed through public presentation and aesthetics as opposed to dialogue.† Based on that word picture it is non difficult to understand why Monaco ( 2000 ) claims that a movie is a linguistic communication for it ‘communicates’ to an audience. It is non a linguistic communication in the sense of English, French or Mathematic is, for there is no such thing as grammar or vocabulary that needed acquisition. Campsall ( 2002 ) is in understanding as he elaborated that the linguistic communication of movie expresses the manner a movie would ‘speak’ to its audiences and witnesss which is why managers, manufacturers and editors work to bring forth intending from the traveling still images of movie, picture and telecasting. The viewing audiences in the terminal are responsible in decrypting these significances in a non dissimilar manner to construing spoken and written linguistic communication. When watching a movie ; everyone from assorted age groups is able to grok the visuals they see. Monaco ( 2000 ) states farther that there are two decisions, that everyone can comprehend and place a ocular image which leads to the above statement. Another is that even the simplest ocular images are interpreted otherwise in by people with different backgrounds. This is because, as human existences, we don’t merely read what we see but we bring to our reading of traveling images, a sco pe of preexistent outlooks, information and common experiences that form the significance we take from what we see ( Campsall, 2002 ) . An indispensable aspect of movie linguistic communication is its absorbing disposition and its manifestation of pragmatism besides known as verisimilitude. As Campsall ( 2002 ) wrote, it is non merely as if the audiences are watching a bona fide ‘window on the world’ , it’s a window that they would want to stay on observation. Through these agencies, movies are non merely capable of being entertaining, edifying and informing to its viewing audiences, but besides enabling them to comprehend the universe in a peculiar agency. Furthermore this makes the movie linguistic communication really much recognized as semiotic what with the use of marks, codifications and conventions. Those who could understand the linguistic communication are able to see the methods or conventions used for ocular storytelling. Throughout this research, there were many books and articles that voiced out their sentiments on methods of reading a movie ; each movie slangs have their specific symbolism and usage depending on what the way of the narrative. When one is able to decently read a movie by agencies of placing and understanding the conventions, one would be capable of ocular storytelling ( Sijll, 2005 ) . Below is the list of the accrued conventions used in today’s ocular storytelling. Ocular Storytelling: Space Space in movie refers to the spacial kineticss built-in in the frame of a movie. One would state that a movie frame is kindred to a inactive snapshot therefore portion of a moving image. Like a picture, the inactive image of the frame presents built-in storytelling chances. Because a film is a gesture image, the composing of the frame continuously changes. This added features affords two of import narrative elements – that of screen way and comparing. Screen way can propose hostility, individuality, and struggle, for illustration. A traveling frame might be used to stand for alteration, similarity or it’s face-to-face, stasis. Ocular Storytelling: Framing a Composition The oculus responds otherwise to assorted ocular stimulations. Among the most of import elements that have been discerned are: brightness, coloring material, size, form, gesture, velocity, and way. Through careful uses these elements can be used to steer the audience’s attending and emotional response. As ever, content, apposition with surrounding frames, and the intersection of other elements will lend to the viewer’s response. Ocular Storytelling: Shape within the Frame Depending on usage and context, forms can be used to propose thoughts and emotions. Traditionally there are three cardinal forms: the circle, the square and the trigon. Out of these three, many signifiers can be derived out of them: the half circle, the rectangle, and many others. For each forms there are certain traditional association made of them. Block ( 2008 ) listed in â€Å"The Visual Story† some of the form significances. Rounded Shapes are associated with indirectness, inactive, romantic, refering to nature, soft organic, childlike, safe and flexible. Squares nevertheless are direct, industrial, ordered, additive, unnatural, grownup, and rigidity. Triangles are for aggressiveness and kineticss. Block cautiousnesss that these are non regulations for new associations can ever be made depending on the demand of the narrative. Shape is simply one component in the frame. Ocular Storytelling: Editing Editing is a manner of compressing clip and infinite or bring forthing the result of a dream sequence or flashback. The consequences of redacting are more frequently than non seamless and natural that the audiences tend non to be cognizant of it. In theory, redacting is the bottleneck of scenes through assembly of shootings. Different picks of redacting could steer the audience’s emotional response. Pudovkin ( 1926 ) had set down five redacting techniques that remain the foundation of the modern twenty-four hours film editing: contrast, correspondence, symbolism, simultaneousness, Leit-Motif. Ocular Storytelling: Time A movie is a dramatic representation of life. It is made up of scenes ordered to stand for the transition of movie clip through the assembly of emended shootings. Film clip is seldom paced the same as existent life. With the exclusion of mise-en-scene, most emended sequences pull strings existent clip. From one cut to another, an chance of changing experiences of existent clip can be made. The ground film makers alter clip is because they are making a dramatic narrative. Merely those minutes that contribute to its promotion are included, all else is left out. Ocular Storytelling: Sound and Music Outside of the musical mark, films rely on three sorts of sound to state their narratives: Dialogues, voiceover and sound effects. While voiceover and duologue are good understood to be writer’s tools, few film writers approach sound effects with the same certainty. Yet sound effects are every bit much the horizon of the author as are ocular metaphor, sound effects can besides propose an drawn-out aural metaphor. They can add beds of intending to a movie that are difficult to accomplish in other ways. Sound effects can be obvious or elusive. They can deliberately pull attending, or manipulate with stealing. They can expose, camouflage, suggest set up or uncover. They can besides be associated to specific events or characters. Lyrics of music can move as the voice of a character. They can uncover the inner ideas in a manner that can be more interesting than a simple duologue scene. Lyrics can besides move as the voice of the storyteller. They add another bringing system with which to parcel out character and thematic information. In other times, music is symbolically used as a narrative component. Ocular Storytelling: Passages The motion between the terminal of one scene and the beginning of another is called a passage. Each passage presents an chance to convey narrative information by virtuousness of how the scenes are cut together. The scene can merely be cut with no knowing mention or constructed to add a narrative component. A duplicate passage is one manner to work this chance and can be achieved in an infinite figure of ways. Ocular Storytelling: Lenss, Positions and Gestures of the Camera The camera presents a scene – topics, actions, scenes – in a series of shootings that render images on a screen. Alternatively of merely puting the camera where an audience can watch the action, the camera is able to supply the audience with prosecuting ocular experiences. Assortment is of import for if a scene is merely rendered by a continue series of broad shootings, the oculus will shortly tyres of repeats. A good shooting will normally incorporate a assortment of camera framings, and angles. For illustration by working the deepness of field of the lenses, each character on scene can populate their ain horizontal program. In this manner characters can be staged in-depth. This allows the audience to see each character responding to one event at the same time and in existent clip. Different places besides play a portion. The closer the camera is to a character, the more likely audiences will sympathize with the character. Ocular Storytelling: Lighting and Colour Film interprets topics and scenes as images of visible radiation and shadiness. Lighting is one of the few facets in movie that has the ability to make a certain world to the audience. There are a figure of different manners of lighting, each designated as a manner geared to the subject and temper, every bit good as its genre. Lights can besides be used to weaken capable affair. Color on the other manus tends to be a subconscious component in movie. It’s strongly emotional in its entreaty, expressive atmospheric. In short, color aid to propose tempers. Ocular Storytelling: Props, Wardrobes, and Locations Props provide a dramatic manner to show a characters interior universe. Props speak visually, are nomadic, and can be returned to throughout the film. By intentionally choosing and working props, a film’s scene can be given an added bed of significance. Wardrobes are the same as props ; the determination to include wardrobe elements depends on whether it adds sufficient dramatic value be it to a character, to demo character transmutation or the transition of clip. Another manner to project the interior ideas of character is to pull strings the locations. It besides offers a immense storytelling potency, for a certain location can rise play, suggest analogues and contrast besides specifying a character. All three can besides function the intent of conveying a sense of metaphor to the movie. MentionsArnheim, R. 1969. Film as art. Berkeley: University of California Press.Bellantoni, P. 2005. If it ‘s violet, person ‘s gon na decease. Amsterdam: Focal Press.Bordwell, D. 1985. Narrative in the fiction movie. Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press.Bordwell, D. ; Thompson, K. ( 2006 ) . Film Art: An Introduction ( 8th ed. ) . New York: McGraw-HillBlock, B. ( 2008 ) . The Ocular Story ( 2nd ed. ) . Burlington: Focal ImperativenessCampsall, S. ( 2002 ) . Analyzing Traveling Image Texts: â€Å"Film Language† [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.englishbiz.co.uk/downloads/filmanalysis.pdf [ 2011, January 7 ] .CustomFlix. ( Studio ) . ( 2006 ) . Ocular Culture: Ocular Storytelling [ DVD ] . ( Available from Amazon.com )Douglass, J. ; Harnden, G. ( 1996 ) . The Art of Technique: An Aesthetic Approach to Film and Video Production. Boston: Allyn & A ; BaconDirks, T. ( No day of the month ) . History of Film: The Pre-1920s [ Online ] . A vailable: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.filmsite.org/pre20sintro.html [ 2011, February 25 ] .Duguid, M. ( No day of the month ) . Hitchcock’s Style [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.screenonline.org.uk/tours/hitch/tour1.html [ 2011, February 25 ] .Ebert, R. ( 2008 ) . How to read a film. Roger Ebert’s Journal [ Online ] , 14paragraphs. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2008/08/how_to_read_a_movie.html [ 2008, August 30 ] .Freeman, D. ( No day of the month ) . Ocular Storytelling in Batman Begins [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.beyondstructure.com/article_batman.php [ 2011, February 25 ] .Gelmis, J. ( 1970 ) . The Film Director As Superstar. New York: Doubleday & A ; Company.Giannetti, L. ( 2001 ) . Understanding Movies ( 9th ed. ) . New Jersey: Prentice HallGreen, D. E. 2003. The proper usage of cinematic storytelling in scriptural sermon.Hallahan, K. 1999. Seven theoretical acco unts of framing: Deductions for public dealingss. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11 ( 3 ) , pp. 205 — 242.Martz, M. and Hallahan, K. 2009. Film makers as Social Advocates—A New Challenge for Issues Management: Claims-making and Framing in Four Social Issue Documentaries. Pedagogical Posters \_ 156, p. 119.Metz, C. ( 1990 ) . Film Language: A Semioticss of the Cinema. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.Monaco, J. and Lindroth, D. 2009. How to read a movie. New York: Oxford University Press.Playboy ( 1968, September ) . What did Kubrick hold to state about what 2001 â€Å" agencies † ? Playboy Magazine, 10 paragraphs. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.krusch.com/kubrick/Q12.html [ 2010, 12, December ]Pimenta, S. and Poovaiah, R. 2010. On specifying ocular narrations. IDC Design Research Journal, 3 pp. 25 — 46.Pudovkin, V. ( 1926 ) . Film technique and Film Acting. New York: Grove PressRosenbaum, J. 2010. Goodbye film, hullo cinephilia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Sijll, J.V. ( 2005 ) . Cinematic Storytelling: The 100 Most Powerful Film Conventions Every Filmmaker Must Know. California: Michael WieseWard, P. ( 2003 ) . Picture Composition for Film and Television ( 2nd ed. ) . Burlington: Focal ImperativenessZettl, H. 1973. Sight, sound, gesture ; applied media aesthetics. Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Pub. Co.

Crime Against Women Essay

Although, women may be victims of all kinds of crime, be it cheating, murder, robbery, etc., yet the crimes in which only women are victims and which are directed specifically against them are characterised as â€Å"crime against women†. Broadly, crimes against women are classified under two categories: (1) Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which include seven crimes: (i) rape, (ii) kidnapping and abduction, (iii) dowry deaths, (iv) torture physical and mental (including wife battering), (v) molestation, and (vi) sexual harassment, and (vii) importation of girls. (2) Crimes under Special and Local Laws (SLL), which include seventeen crimes, of which the important ones are: (i) immoral traffic (1956 and 1978 Act), (ii) dowry prohibition (1961 Act), (iii) committing Sati (1987 Act), and (iv) indecent representation of women (1986 Act). It is equally important to clarify the concept of ‘violence’ against women. If we take ‘violence’ as â€Å"conduct which incurs the formal pronouncements of the moral condemnation of the community,† or â€Å"deviation from conduct norms of the normative groups†, the scope of cases of ‘violence against women’ becomes too broad. Narrowly, the term ‘violence’ has been applied to â€Å"physically striking an individual and causing injury† (Kempe, 1982; Gil, 1970), to â€Å"the act of striking a person with the intent of causing harm or injury but not actually causing it† (Gelles and Strauss, 1979), to â€Å"acts where there is the high potential of causing injury† (Strauss, 1980), and to â€Å"acts which may not involve actual hitting but may involve verbal abuse or psychological stress and suffering†. Megargee (1982: 85) has defined violence as the â€Å"overtly threatened or overtly accomplished application of force which results in the injury or destruction of persons or their reputation.† While understanding the concept of ‘violence’ and distinguishing it from concepts like ‘aggression’, ‘force’, and ‘coercion’, is both necessary and desirable, there is always the fear of getting bogged down in controversies relating to these concepts raised by various scholars. As a result, one may miss the very purpose of understanding broader aspects of the problem of â€Å"crime and violence against women†. ‘Violence’ must be recognised as a human phenomenon inasmuch as it consists of an act of one person which encroaches upon the freedom of another (Domenach, 1981: 30). Here, we consider the operational definition of violence as â€Å"force, whether overt or covert, used to wrest from the individual (the woman) something that she does not want to give of her own free will and which causes her either physical injury or emotional trauma or both†. Thus, rape, abduction, kidnapping, murder (all cases of criminal violence), dowry death, wife battering, sexual abuse, maltreatment of a widow and/or an elderly woman (all cases of domestic violence) and eve-teasing, forcing wife/daughter-in-law to go for feticide, forcing a young widow to commit sati, etc. (all cases of social violence), are issues which affect a large section of society. In the analysis of the problem of ‘crime against women’, we may focus on important issues like nature and extent of female crime in India, on identifying women who are generally victims of crime and violence, on those who are the perpetrators of crime and violence, on what motivates criminals to commit crimes or victimisers to use violence, and on measures which could contain the depersonalisation trauma of the victims.

Free Essays on Antwone Fisher

Sigmund Freud founded psychodynamic theory. The primary focus of the psychodynamic theory is to understand how the client's past experiences affect what occurs in the present. Freud believed people repress or drive from their conscious undesirable or shameful thoughts. As a result, these thoughts become part of the subconscious (Billig, 1999). A major goal of the psychodynamic theory is to understand unconscious mental functioning, which includes a broad set of constructs of worldviews including Freud’s psychoanalytic thought and processes (Ivey, A., D’Andrea, Ivey, M. and Simek-Morgan, 2002). The major concepts of the psychodynamic theory are clearly represented in the film Antwone Fisher. The film displays many characteristics of the psychodynamic theory paying special attention to transference, resistance, repression, conscious, subconscious, free association, role-playing, and object relations. One of the major concepts of the psychodynamic theory is that our object relations, the people who have played major roles in our lives, are important and necessary to our developmental history. According to the psychodynamic theory, these relations may be family, friends, and peers. Understanding the client’s developmental history is necessary to fully understand the client (Ivey et al., 2002). â€Å"According to the psychoanalytic theory, how an individual relates to others is essentially based on how she experienced herself visvis family members. The vicissitudes of interpersonal relationships depend very heavily on transferences from the individual’s family structure† (Turner, 1996, p.534). In trying to fully understand Antwone’s character, one would have to know his developmental history how he related to others with the family structure. Many people influenced Antwone and played a major part in his developmental history, but the major person was Mrs. Tate. Mrs. Tate affected Antwone in more way... Free Essays on Antwone Fisher Free Essays on Antwone Fisher Sigmund Freud founded psychodynamic theory. The primary focus of the psychodynamic theory is to understand how the client's past experiences affect what occurs in the present. Freud believed people repress or drive from their conscious undesirable or shameful thoughts. As a result, these thoughts become part of the subconscious (Billig, 1999). A major goal of the psychodynamic theory is to understand unconscious mental functioning, which includes a broad set of constructs of worldviews including Freud’s psychoanalytic thought and processes (Ivey, A., D’Andrea, Ivey, M. and Simek-Morgan, 2002). The major concepts of the psychodynamic theory are clearly represented in the film Antwone Fisher. The film displays many characteristics of the psychodynamic theory paying special attention to transference, resistance, repression, conscious, subconscious, free association, role-playing, and object relations. One of the major concepts of the psychodynamic theory is that our object relations, the people who have played major roles in our lives, are important and necessary to our developmental history. According to the psychodynamic theory, these relations may be family, friends, and peers. Understanding the client’s developmental history is necessary to fully understand the client (Ivey et al., 2002). â€Å"According to the psychoanalytic theory, how an individual relates to others is essentially based on how she experienced herself visvis family members. The vicissitudes of interpersonal relationships depend very heavily on transferences from the individual’s family structure† (Turner, 1996, p.534). In trying to fully understand Antwone’s character, one would have to know his developmental history how he related to others with the family structure. Many people influenced Antwone and played a major part in his developmental history, but the major person was Mrs. Tate. Mrs. Tate affected Antwone in more way...

Definition of Greenbacks

Definition of Greenbacks Greenbacks were the bills printed as paper currency by the United States government during the Civil War. They were given that name, of course, because the bills were printed with green ink. The printing of money by the government was seen as a wartime necessity prompted by the great costs of the conflict and it was a controversial choice. The objection to paper money was that it wasnt backed by precious metals, but rather by confidence in the issuing institution i.e. the federal government. (One version of origin of the name greenbacks is that people said the money was only backed by the green ink on the papers backs.) The first greenbacks were printed in 1862, after the passage of the Legal Tender Act, which President Abraham Lincoln signed into law on February 26, 1862. The law authorized the printing of $150 million in paper currency. A second Legal Tender Act, passed in 1863, authorized the issuing of another $300 million in greenbacks. The Civil War Prompted the Need for Money The outbreak of the Civil War created a massive financial crisis. The Lincoln administration began recruiting soldiers in 1861, and all the many thousands of troops had to be paid and equipped with weapons- everything from bullets to cannon to ironclad warships had to be built in northern factories. As most Americans did not expect the war to last very long, there didnt seem to be a pressing need to take drastic action. In 1861, Salmon Chase, the secretary of the treasury in Lincolns administration, issued bonds to pay for the war effort. But when a quick victory began to seem unlikely, other steps needed to be taken. In August 1861, after the Union defeat at the Battle of Bull Run and other disappointing engagements, Chase met with New York bankers and proposing issuing bonds to raise money. That still didnt solve the problem, and by the end of 1861 something drastic needed to be done. The idea of the federal government issuing paper money met with hard resistance. Some people feared, with good reason, that it would create a financial calamity. But after considerable debate, the Legal Tender Act made it through congress and became law. The Early Greenbacks Appeared in 1862 The new paper money, printed in 1862, was (to the surprise of many) not met with widespread disapproval. On the contrary, the new bills were seen as being more reliable than the previous paper money in circulation, which had typically been issued by local banks. Historians have noted that the acceptance of the greenbacks signaled a change in thinking. Instead of the value of money being linked to the financial health of individual banks, it was now linked to the concept of faith in the nation itself. So in a sense, having a common currency was something of a patriotic boost during the Civil War. The new one-dollar bill featured an engraving of the secretary of the treasury, Salmon Chase. An engraving of Alexander Hamilton appeared on denominations of two, five, and 50 dollars. President Abraham Lincolns image appeared on the ten-dollar bill. The use of green ink was dictated by practical considerations. It was believed that a dark green ink was less likely to fade and the green ink was supposedly harder to counterfeit. The Confederate Government Also Issued Paper Money The Confederate States of America, the government of the slave states which had seceded from the Union, also had severe financial problems. The Confederate government also began issuing paper money as well. Confederate money is often regarded as having been worthless because, after all, it was the money of the losing side in the war. The Confederate currency was further devalued because it was easy to counterfeit, however. As was typical during the Civil War, skilled workers and advanced machines tended to be in the North, and that was true of the engravers and high-quality printing presses needed to print currency. As the bills printed in the South tended to be of low quality, it was easier to make facsimiles of them. One Philadelphia printer and shopkeeper, Samuel Upham, produced a huge amount of fake Confederate bills, which he sold as novelties. Uphams fakes, indistinguishable from the genuine bills, were often purchased to be used on the cotton market, and thus found their way into circulation in the South. Greenbacks Were Successful Despite reservations about issuing them, the federal greenbacks were accepted. They became standard currency, and were even preferred in the South. The greenbacks solved the problem of financing the war and a new system of national banks also brought some stability to the nations finances. However, a controversy arose in the years following the Civil War as the federal government had promised to eventually convert the greenbacks into gold. In the 1870s a political party, the Greenback Party, formed around the campaign issue of keeping greenbacks in circulation. The feeling among some Americans, primarily farmers in the west, was that greenbacks provided a better financial system. On January 2, 1879 the government was to begin converting greenbacks, but few citizens showed up at institutions where they could redeem paper money for gold coins. Over time the paper currency had become, in the public mind, as good as gold. Incidentally, the money remained green into the 20th century partly for practical reasons. Green ink was widely available, stable, and not prone to fading but green bills seemed to mean stability to the public, so American paper money has remained green to this day.

Animals Shouldnt Be Kept in Zoos Essay Example for Free

Animals Shouldn’t Be Kept in Zoos Essay The social network, Facebook is unnecessary worldwide for people under the age of 18 because there many people who are being exposed to atrocities through Facebook. If you are under the age of 18 you also have high risk of becoming prevalent to cyber bulling and many people under this age are not taking action when they are being bullied or when they view it; and a large percentage of people that use Facebook are under the legal age. Facebook is the worst social networking site for internet trolling, and bullying is now more prevalent online than anywhere else. Research has stated (daily mail. com, Damien Gayle, 2013) that 87 per cent of teenagers who reported cyber abuse said they were targeted on Facebook. Facebook is the worst social networking site for internet trolling, and bullying is now more online than anywhere else. Bullying on-line continues to be a serious problem for a huge number of teenagers and we cannot ignore its often devastating and tragic effects. When teenagers are bullied many of them try to hide it and decide not to tell anyone. Research states that this is mainly because they scared, nervous, don’t want to be teased or don’t want to act as if it is a problem. Emma-Jane Cross, CEO and founder of the charity BeatBullying, said many young people were suffering because of cyber bulling in silence. However, hundreds of young people are being cyber-bullied or trolled so badly that it can lead to depression, truancy, self-harm, or even force them to contemplate or attempt suicide. This is a real problem Around 7. 5 million (out of the 20 million on Facebook) are under the legal age of 13. Even more troubling, more than five million Facebook users were 10 years old or younger, and they were allowed to use Facebook largely without parental supervision leaving them vulnerable to threats ranging from malware to sexual predators. It is absolutely inconceivable that a pre-teen would have the ability or patience to go through the existing maze of settings to be able to make their Facebook account private enough to ensure protection from unwanted approaches, spam and exploitation of their personal pictures and content. In saying this, so many people are using Facebook and are posting private picture, addresses and birth date. A study shows Schools, teachers and cyber safety experts, are trying very hard to educate teens about their longer term digital identity and online behaviour. But again, as my previous post suggests, it appears that many parents are simply not taking responsibility for their children’s online behaviour. Some seem unaware of the potential online dangers that their children can face daily. This can be partly due to schools not publicizing the constant stream of incidents. Or maybe it’s because their own children are keeping quiet even when harassed for fear of being banned and ostracised by their peers. Animals Shouldn’t Be Kept in Zoos. (2016, Dec 12).

Negotiation Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiation Planning - Case Study Example They provide an estimate with respect to the direct material and direct labour, and this puts the ball in their court despite the company or the buyer providing their estimates with regard to direct material and labour in order to make the modifications, because the sellers are the ones being used for their services. Furthermore, the sellers are in a better position because they are able to quote a price that covers damages caused during the process of making modifications and, thus, keeping aside a negligible amount for the same. They also have taken into account an estimate for spoilage, new items, etc. in order to be on the safer side, keeping their profit margin at the best possible rate for the buyers. 3. In a contract, each party will do its best to emerge as the winner and have the best possible consideration at his/her end. In this contract, the sellers are in a better position than the buyers; however, it must be understood that the two parties do have misconceptions regardi ng one another. First, the buyers are doing their best to decrease the material and labour costs as much as they can because of the price that they will have to pay. The sellers, on the other hand, are trying to negotiate the same in order to maintain a profit margin, as well as to keep room for damages and arrears. The sellers must understand that the optical instruments require modifications to be done within the best possible cost estimate in order to keep the buyers from shelling out much money. Nonetheless, the misconception that the buyers have that the sellers will give them a quote more than they expect may be considered outside the scope of negotiation because ultimately, the buyers need to look into quality and take into account that they would be ready to pay the estimate rolled out by the sellers in order to be left with the best possible end results which will, in turn, help them cover the investments that they made. It is yet again another misconception for the buyers or the Gilbert Company to estimate the overheads and material costs that will be required for the purpose of modification, because the sellers will be able to provide a better estimate knowing that they have to provide their services while keeping a 10% profit margin. 2. In the second answer, we need to analyse the data carefully to ascertain the elementary assessment of the information. Negotiation Plan for the Buyer: The buyer’s position over here is conceptually taken on a different role than the seller’s position. When Pilgrim asked for a cost analysis programme to be conducted for the product, there was a major difference between the cost analyses of Gilbert and Price Analyst. This catapulted Pilgrim to extract the date based on the report conducted by both the parties and a combination of the report between these two parties was evolved to determine the actual cost elements in the negotiation planning. Pilgrim finally called Price Analyst to conduct a negotiation plan for the company since there was an immense difference coming out of the analyses conducted by Gilbert and Price Analyst. The proposed price by Pilgrim was 225,893 USD. This was the price at which he ideally wanted to sell all his 45 optical instruments to the buyer, which is Gilbert Instruments. Price analyst in its analyses compared the labour rates, the GA rates and the Overhead rates which went in modifying the optical instruments at the peak of their prowess. At the current level which is designed by the Price analyst,

Low cost airlines vs legacy carriers in today market it is for a Term Paper

Low cost airlines vs legacy carriers in today market it is for a mircoeconomics class - Term Paper Example What legacy carriers failed to understand in the past is the combined efforts by low cost carriers to introduce cheap tickets and short flights. However, from an economic point of view, this can be explained using economics of scale, many cheap, short flights incur less costs than a few costly, long flights. Therefore, the logic behind the low cost airline strategy is to cut operational costs and increase service revenue (Huse and Evangelho, 2007). With the current economic downturn, the strategy utilized by low cost airlines is finally beginning to take shape, the executive decisions to hem down costs by engaging in short haul flights are reducing costs by a big margin, resulting in the ultimate profitability of the industry. In the current market, the influx in online booking and the increase in the services offered by an airline have completely changed the airline industry; services like high-seat density, package delivery, flight insurance and baggage charges have served to increase the revenues for low cost airlines. The graph below shows the change in economic niche of legacy carriers and an example of a low cost carrier, Southwest airlines (Adapted from Neal and Kassens-Noor, 2010). This discussion has focused on the cost cutting factors and success of low cost airlines in the industry. Due to this success, some legacy carriers are trying to get in the low cost industry market (Bowerman, 2011). However, the question is; will the market serve both the low cost carriers and revamped legacy airlines? The answer to this question is no, as discussed in the following analysis. The assumption that all carriers will achieve profits if they engage in low cost business is based on the economic principle of ceterus paribus, meaning all things equal (Miller, 2005). However, in the airline industry, not all things are equal, because for the low cost industry to survive there must be legacy carriers against

Rooms Division Operations Management Assignment - 2

Rooms Division Operations Management - Assignment Example The Five Seasons Hotel is a five-star hotel which is located in Hampshire, England near Winchester. This strategic location has made it possible for the hotel to enjoy a favorable base for sporting and concert events, especially during holidays and weekends. The hotel offers a combination of contemporary and traditional style to a diverse market. The hotel has air-conditioned lavish rooms which are designed and decorated with state of the art technology. The guests in the hotel as treated to a wireless internet connectivity, gym in a fitness center, sauna, and spa treatment. The hotel has a very nice impression because it has comfortable beds which are large enough for comfort. The staff is very hospitable and welcoming whose charm motivates their guests to visit them again and again. The regular refurbishment is done in order to keep the facilities up to date with the changing trends in the industry (Kasavana, & Richard. 2005). Rules and regulations are set by the government in this industry in order to govern the operations of the business and also regulate the treatment of the guests, employees, food, beverages and the environment. With regards to room division, the following legislation and regulatory requirements apply. The Disability Discrimination Act was established in 1995 as a civil right of disabled people to enjoy the hotel services without discrimination on the basis of their disability. This act was replaced in 2010 by The Equality Act. This allows for the hotels to install facilities and services which cater for disabled persons in terms of hearing, mental, learning or dyslexia illness. The Five Seasons Hotel complies with this regulation by treating disabled persons as other able persons.

Comparative essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Comparative - Essay Example In O’Connor’s work, the protagonist is not clear while in Abagnale’s, it is Frank. However, given that the Misfit is given a lot of focus, majority describe him as the protagonist in A Good Man Is Hard to Find. If this is the case, then it is apparent that both protagonists- Frank and The Misfit live as villains at the formative and medial stages of the two literary works (O’Connor, 6). At the same time, as the movie and the story approach denouement, the characters switch to different ways of dealing with their problems. For instance, The Misfit switches to an internal monologue when the grandmother presents the message of the Gospel to him. He debates inwardly, the existence of Jesus Christ, since he thinks that Christ had not made physical manifestations of Himself to prove His existence on one hand. On the other hand, he is concerned that he may be displeasing Christ, in the event that it turns out that He exists. All these happen in The Misfit’s mind as he decides also, whether he should shoot the grandmother or not. According to Price, this is not the case with Frank who has to make split second decisions when he is being trailed by an FBI agent, Carl. He hurriedly leaves Brenda, hoping that they can unite later. When their place of meeting is invaded by FBI agents, he leaves immediately (5). Both Frank and The Misfit show bitterness and recoil when confronted with the pain of being abandoned by their parents. When the grandmother tries to preach to The Misfit, he retorts that life has no pleasure but meanness. When the grandmother attempts to inquire some more and approach The Misfit, he recoils and shoots three times. When Frank happens upon his mother, her mother’s lover and stepsister, he gets agitated and turns himself up to be handed a 12 year prison sentence. This shows that like The Misfit, Frank totally rejects his parental figures (mothers) because of the pain of the past. The implication of the foregoing

The death penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The death penalty - Research Paper Example Notably, the rate of death penalty punishments is decreasing although some countries are still practicing it. Indeed, Amnesty International notes that USA, Japan, some African states, China, many Asian and Middle Eastern countries retains the death penalty punishment (Amnesty international 1). As such, death penalty exists in many countries and many American citizens, political leaders, and religious leaders have been victims of the death penalty. The continued use of the death penalty is because of its effectiveness in controlling capital offences and rendering justice. Various countries and religions have different definitions of crimes that may lead to a death penalty as well as distinct methods of carrying out the punishment. Crimes that may lead to a death penalty include murder, treason, rape, terrorism, and even adultery in the Muslim religion. However, in all cases, intentional murder leads to a death penalty. Methods of executing a death penalty include hanging, stoning, lethal chemicals, firing squad, and beheading. Nevertheless, in all religions, there must be enough evidence against a convict in a due court process for the court to prescribe a death penalty where the burden of proof rests with the complainant or the prosecutor. There have been numerous debates and opinions in support and against the death penalty where Amnesty international condemns the death penalty in all cases regardless of the characteristics of the offender, nature of crime, or the method of execution (Amnesty international 1). Moreover, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that death penalty is a denial of the right to life (Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty 1). Indeed, it confirms that the death penalty is a violent practice, and does not accord justice to either the accused or the offended (Center for Constitutional Rights 1). Proponents of

Value of philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Value of philosophy - Essay Example According to this author, a true philosophical contemplation finds its meaning in the enlargement of not self in everything in the universe. The mind Russell believes that although philosophy does not enhance our physical wellbeing, it has a major role in human kind of enriching our mental lives mainly through the mind, which determines the way we relate with the immediate environment. However, the enrichment that Russell refers to does not provide all the answers to all the philosophical questions but instead offers a variety of suggestions on how to tackle these problems (Bertrand Pg 26). Russell insists that the mind that views philosophy as a conformation of freedom and impartiality will always strive to protect and preserve these values. This kind of mind will view its purpose and desires as path of the whole. This kind of mind in reference is a free mind that fights for justice and freedom hence the analogy and linkage of many philosophers with histories of freedom fighting and involvement in fighting for human rights. Russell believes that the enlargement of human mind enlarges objects and human mind that is responsible for freedom and liberation. According to Russell, philosophy gives a wider range of suggestions on how to deal with feelings of uncertainty and fear. For example, through philosophy it is easy to make unfamiliar things to look familiar (Bertrand Pg 27). According to Russell, unless we enlarge our mind to include other perspectives of the outer world, we remain like garrison in a blue guard fortress with no freedom. Such life has no peace and is involved with constant strives between desires and powerlessness of will. Philosophic contemplation does not divide the universe into sections but instead join it into one single camp. Russell insists that we must continue to seek brain enlargement by operating on the desires of our mind (Bertrand Pg 27). However, we cannot find this enlargement if we take the mind as it is but must make our minds open and free from alien impossibilities. Self-assertion is an example of philosophic speculation and this hinders mind enlargement. Russell also argues about the separation of the study of human mind from the field of philosophy. He disagrees with those scientists who have included the study of human mind as psychology. However, he still maintains that philosophy is still embedded in sciences and more so in the study of human mind. Although human mind plays a greater role in defining philosophy, religion is important in conceptualizing the meaning of philosophy. Russell questions the value of good and evil in the planet and wonders if good and evil is only important to humans or to the whole universe. Philosophy is therefore very valuable and whoever lives a life without a tincture of philosophy undergoes duress and a life of imprisonment. Such individuals are also affected by prejudices of common sense. Such people views the world as a definite, finite, obvious, common and with no reason unfamiliar. The view of philosophy has many wrong conceptions therefore philosophy strives to search for knowledge. The knowledge sought gives the unity of system and body. This knowledge is helpful in examining the grounds of convictions, prejudices, and beliefs. According to Russell, the quest for philosophical knowledge continues to face many challenges due to broken units and sciences that have derived their sense

The death penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The death penalty - Research Paper Example Notably, the rate of death penalty punishments is decreasing although some countries are still practicing it. Indeed, Amnesty International notes that USA, Japan, some African states, China, many Asian and Middle Eastern countries retains the death penalty punishment (Amnesty international 1). As such, death penalty exists in many countries and many American citizens, political leaders, and religious leaders have been victims of the death penalty. The continued use of the death penalty is because of its effectiveness in controlling capital offences and rendering justice. Various countries and religions have different definitions of crimes that may lead to a death penalty as well as distinct methods of carrying out the punishment. Crimes that may lead to a death penalty include murder, treason, rape, terrorism, and even adultery in the Muslim religion. However, in all cases, intentional murder leads to a death penalty. Methods of executing a death penalty include hanging, stoning, lethal chemicals, firing squad, and beheading. Nevertheless, in all religions, there must be enough evidence against a convict in a due court process for the court to prescribe a death penalty where the burden of proof rests with the complainant or the prosecutor. There have been numerous debates and opinions in support and against the death penalty where Amnesty international condemns the death penalty in all cases regardless of the characteristics of the offender, nature of crime, or the method of execution (Amnesty international 1). Moreover, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that death penalty is a denial of the right to life (Oklahoma Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty 1). Indeed, it confirms that the death penalty is a violent practice, and does not accord justice to either the accused or the offended (Center for Constitutional Rights 1). Proponents of

Hills like White Elephants Essay Example for Free

Hills like White Elephants Essay Ernest Hemingway published â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† in 1927. The narrative is a young couple is sitting at a train station near the Ebro Valley in Madrid, Spain to highlight the fact that their relationship is at a crossroad. Hemingway expresses many themes and literary elements throughout this short story. A plot is a dynamic element in fiction, a sequence of interrelated, conflicting actions and events that are typically build to a climax and bring about a resolution (Clugston, 2010). The couple sits at a table to have a couple of beers and a conversation. At first the girl talks about what they should have to drink and what she sees outside. You can tell that it is more going on at least in their feelings or its more going on in the story. From (Line 41) â€Å"It’s really an awfully simple operation, Jig† the man said. â€Å"It’s not really an operation at all. This explains why their conversation they were having earlier been awkward. The seemingly petty conversation here about hills and drinks and an unspecified operation is in actuality an unarticulated but decisive struggle over whether they continue to live the sterile, self-indulgent, decadent life preferred by the man or elect to have the child that Jig is carrying and settle down to a conventional but, in Jig’s view, rewarding, fruitful, and peaceful life (Holladay, 2004). The American was asking his girl to have an abortion without using the word so others would not be entertained or concerned at all. Hemingway knows how to raise suspense to the readers. The point of view is how the action is presented to the reader (Clugston,2010). Although â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is primarily a conversation between the American man and his girlfriend, neither of the speakers truly communicates with the other, highlighting the rift between the two. Both talk, but neither listens or understands the other’s point of view. Frustrated and placating, the American man will say almost anything to convince his girlfriend to have the operation, which, although never mentioned by name, is understood to be an abortion. He tells her he loves her, for example, and that everything between them will go back to the way it used to be. Another literary element is character. A character is an imaginary person in a piece of literature (Clugston, 2010). In â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† there are three characters. The American, who is the male protagonist of the story. His name is never revealed throughout the story. He also tries to convince the girl to have the operation and he does not care what she does. He disconnects his self from the surroundings and not listening and understanding what the girl is saying. The Girl, who is the female protagonist of the story. The American calls the girl, Jig. She alternates the conversation to talk about the operation then avoids it altogether. The thing she says does not clearly defines her emotions or personality. Jig is more of a realistic character. She has issues and behaviors of real people. The bartender is a woman who served drinks to the American man and the girl. The bartender only speaks Spanish. The characters add so much to the theme of the story. A theme in a story is associated with an idea that lies behind the story. In other words the theme in a story is a representation of the idea behind the story (Clugston, 2010). The theme of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† involves a question of responsibility. The theme of a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight, and the unifying statement about life implied in the story (Arp Johnson, 2006). Hemingway does this in describing the couple’s dilemma about Jig’s pregnancy. The theme exists when an author attempts to record life as it happens. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† centers on a couple’s verbal duel over, as strongly implied by the text and as widely believed by many scholars, whether the girl will have an abortion of her partner’s child. Jig, clearly reluctant to have the operation, suspects her pregnancy has irrevocably changed the relationship but still wonders whether having the abortion will make things between the couple as they were before. The American is anxious that Jig have the abortion and gives lip service to the fact that he still loves Jig and will love her whether she has the procedure done or not. As the story progresses, the power shifts back and forth in the verbal tug-of-war, and at the end, though it is a topic of fierce debate among Hemingway scholars, it seems that Jig has both gained the upper hand and made her decision. The theme of the story is revealed through the couple’s dialogue and through symbolism. Symbolism is something that has a literal identity but also stands for something else (Clugston, 2010). â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is filled with symbolism. The narrator describes the character symbolic. Jig is called a girl throughout the story to represent her naive behavior, immaturity and lack of confidence about her opinion. The American is called a man throughout the story, representing his position about his opinion on the abortion. The bags they carry have tags on them displaying all of the hotels that the couple has stayed in. This shows that the couples are not serious about a child, still want to have fun and be sex animals. The setting of the story is symbolic. The story takes place at a train junction. This setting represents the fact that their decision can change the direction of their lives. It is less important that we know the course chosen than the significance of the two choices. The rootless barren life, devoid of responsibility represented by the dry hills (Fletcher, 1980). The other side of the valley is green and has a river. The two sides symbolize the decision that Jig has to make. The green side represents fertility, life, hope and the hot, brown side represents sterility. There is several more symbolism in the story, let’s move on to the next literary element. Tone is the attitude reflected by the author in a literary work; it identifies the author’s approach to the subject a story deals with. The tone in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† The narrator is very controlled, giving us a bare minimum of information outside of the conversations between the man and Jig, or between the man and the woman serving the drinks. This narrator controls the tendency in narrators to tell what the story means. This is giving the readers lots of credit for being intelligent, but can also make for rough reading. We aren’t used to stories being told mostly in dialogue. Speaking of dialogue, both Jig and the man are having a rather controlled conversation. The fact that they are having this conversation in a public place might or might not contribute to this control. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants are very interesting and have many literary elements. From the plot to the tone, Hemingway was very brilliant how privatized his conversation and still managed to get his point across. The symbolism made it seem as if we were there with him and Jig.

Controversy And Criticism At The Nestle Company Commerce Essay

Controversy And Criticism At The Nestle Company Commerce Essay In past ten years Nestlà © Company was accused by many of experts and organisations around the world for unethical business practices in the way the company does its business, the company was involved in serious boycotts which ruined the company overall reputation in past years. In this essay we have discussed and analysis some of the most serious Nestlà © unethical business practices (Phdinparenting, 2010). One of the most critical issues that Nestlà © has been criticised for during past 15 years is the promotion of the use of infant formula to mothers across the world. Many believe that Nestlà © strategy for promoting its infant formula was misleading and harmful that violates both International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes and WHO Code regulating the marketing of breast milk substitutes (Mcspotlight, 2002). Nestlà ©s marketing campaign encouraged mothers across the world for bottle feeding instead of breast feeding, they used free sample to pursue this mission in addition Nestlà © implies that malnourished mothers and mothers with twins have not the ability to Breastfeed their child, despite many international health organisations claimed that there is no evidence to support this statement which could put both the mothers and babies life in danger (Corporatewatch, 2003). There have been numerous reports of direct advertisement targeting mothers across the world in countries such as Malaysia, South Africa and Ireland as a result advocacy groups and health organizations accused Nestlà © of unethical methods of promoting its milk and demand the company to immediately stop its marketing strategies (Mcspotlight, 2002). One of the Health organisations that criticised Nestlà © for its marketing strategy was IBFAN which believed Nestlà © is harming misleading mothers by offering them a free sample of milks as they are in hospitals, because as mothers are released from hospitals they have to continually buy Nestlà ©s formula since babies get adapted to the Nestlà ©s milk. IBFAN also claimed that Nestlà © uses humanitarian aid to create markets by offering attractive gifts and different sponsorships to influence health officials to market and promote its products by targeting young mothers who have given birth (Corporatewatch, 2003).. 2.2 Using Suppliers That Violate Human Rights Another controversy issue faced by the company during past years was using suppliers that violate human rights, in 2009 BBC reported that Nestlà © buy its milk from a farm seized from its white owners which is now owned by the wife of Zimbabwes President Robert Mugabe, they supply between 10% to 15% of Nestlà ©s local milk supply (Corporatewatch, 2003). However the company denies the proclamation and claims that the only reason they purchase their milk supply from its African supplier is to help meet the food needs of Zimbabwean consumers (BBC, 2009). 2.3 Exploiting Farmers In 2001, Nestlà © faced huge criticism for purchasing cocoa from the Ivory Coast and Ghana suppliers, which may have been produced using child slaves. An investigation by BBC showed that hundreds of children who lived in Mali, Burkina and Togo were being purchased from their parents and sent to countries such as Ivory Coast and Ghana to be used in production of coca (BBC, 2001). Most of the children who work in coca farms are ranged between 12 to 14 years old, and are forced to work 80 to 100 hours each week while they are not paid fairly, barely fed and beaten regularly (Corporatewatch, 2003). After the widespread of these reports Nestlà © Company faced huge criticism from health and labour organisations around the world to put a stop to these anti-humanities act, as a result the company did not have any choice except to express its concern over the use of child labour in coca farms to, however the company never confirmed that non of its chocolate products derived from these anti-humanities resources (Mcspotlight, 2002). 2.4 Union Busting In late 2001, labour organisations accused Nestlà © for denying its worker right; one of the countries that most of the accusation came from was Columbia, in which eight worker of the company got assassinated because they were part of food and drink labour union called SINALTRAINAL; however there have been no evidence linked Nestlà © to these assassinations. In another example involving Nestlà © union busting, in 2001 the management of Nestlà © subsidiary Comestibles La Rosa threatened the company worker that they must either renounce their union membership or they should leave the company (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.5 Promoting Unhealthy Food Nestle was recently exposed after a report by the UK consumers association claiming that 7 out of 10 of the Nestlà ©s breakfast cereals containing the highest level of fast, sugar and salt water. The company is accused for denying the role of corporate responsibility in promoting its product to public (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.6 Illegal Extraction of Groundwater The company was also accused for abusing and ruining water resources in Brazil and United State. In the region of Serra da mantiqueira in Brazil which is known for its vulnerable groundwater resources, Nestlà ©s over pumping action has resulted in depletion and long term damages to the region water resources (Corporatewatch, 2003). Nestlà ©s was accused because people of the Serra da mantiquira believ that the company action has changed the taste of their drinking water and also the over pumping has caused complete dry out on the main region water resources. Nestle used these water resources for its mineral water product called Pure Life bottled water (Phdinparenting, 2010). 3.0 Solae Company 3.1 Solae History Solae LLC is an international soy supplier which is based in Louis, Missouri. This company is the world leader in developing and producing innovative soy technologies, meat and other nutritional products. The company was founded in 1958 by producing just industrial soy protein products; however Solae started producing other food product (such as baked goods, meats, beverages and nutrition bars) in 1973 after DuPont and Bunge created Solae Company as a joint venture (Solae, 2010). Solar use soybean resources around the world in order to create nutritious and great-tasting ingredients including baked goods, meats, beverages and nutrition bars which are used by thousands of customers in more than 100 countries around the world. The company has approximately 2,400 employees in different parts of the world including North America, Asia, Europe and Latin America (Solae, 2010). Solaes commitment to innovation and development has resulted in production of new soy product tag along by more than 98 patent and 338 patents pending which is more than any other soy provider in the world (Solae, 2010). On 26 of March 2010, Solae Company was recognized by the Ethisphere Institute as one of the worlds most ethical companies. Each year Ethisphere Institute prepares a list of 100 companies which it believes are the most ethical companies in the world on basis of attitude and future refinement (Ethisphere, 2010). The world most ethical companies are recognize not only making statements about doing business ethically but also translating those statements into action. Solae was ranked among on of the 100 most ethical companies in the world along with giant companies like Pepsi, Nike, Ford, Xerox, Henkel and LOreal in addition the company was positioned at top 5 most ethical companies in food and beverage industry joined by Campbell, Mills and PepsiCo (Ethisphere, 2010). 4.0 Solae Ethical and Decent Practices Solae ethical and moral practices are inspired by the companys core value which mostly concentrate on what the company is and what it is stand for, Solae top executives believes the strength of the company begins with a deep commitment to ethics from the top to bottom in the company, ethical behavior is one of the core values at Solae, which is important in both the companys professional and personal lives. According to Solae officials, at Solae ethic codes are designed to make sure that each of the companies personnel are constantly upholds the companys standards and objectives. Any act that deliberately violates the law or regulation to screen non-compliance with this Code of Conducts, or company overall policy is an ethical violates (Solae code of conduct, 2010). 4.1 Safety and Health Solae Company believes that in doing business all occupational illnesses, environmental incidents and injuries are preventable and can be controlled by implementing the right business practices along with providing the best and high quality foods to consumers. The companys overall goal is zero for incidents, meaning that safety and health are one of the most important aspects of Solae Company (Solae, 2010). Every employee at Solae is responsible for acting in reliance with safety and health law which was developed to prevent any incident involving employees and other Solae personnel. Managements in each department are responsible for training, educating and motivating employees to understand and act accordingly to applicable safety and health laws. 4.2 Sustainable Practices for Society Solae core value of environmental custodiantion is a major example of the companys commitment for people in different societies. At Solae employees are expected to compete lawfully at all manners, they are also expected to protect the environment and to be a good keeper of the company operations, services and products (Ethisphere, 2010). 4.3 Environmental Practices Since the company was founded, Solae mission has been to be the preferred universal partner in the expansion and delivery of nutritional and efficient solutions for its customers, the Company is constantly committed to promise to conduct business and operations with respect and care for the Mother Nature. Since Solae main business is product of soybean resources, the company pays a great respect and attention to environmental practices which helps to keep our nature green and un harmful. At Solae managers at each corporate level are held responsible for educating, training, motivating and instructing employees to understand the important of Solaes commitment to protect environment in addition each employee at Sola company has the responsibility to meet and fulfil the terms of Health and Environment which were developed to guide each employee in pursuing the companies mission and vision (Solae code of conduct, 2010). Solaes commitment to environment is one of the core value developed by the company which has allowed the company continually improve and implement main manufacturing process and activities to reduce its impact on Mother Nature, It is believed that Solae track its activities across all manufacturing department in order to replicate successful improvement where it is needed. The company has received several awards because of its environmentally friendly business practices around the world. For example: In 2009, the company headquarter in StLous was given a LEED Green Building Certificate (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) for having the most energy efficient, greenest and high productive building in the region (Solae, 2010). In 2005, Solae received two awards from different non-profit organisations for reducing total energy consumed by the company by more than 10 percent and decreasing greenhouse emissions by 7.7 produce by the company (Solae, 2010). 4.4 Ethical Competition Law Practices It is believed that, Solae competes forcefully in the marketplace to best supply its customers needs and preferences. Solae Company has gain most of its reputation as a result of its Competition Laws which the company follow in most of the countries that operates, these laws are compound and can vary from country to country depending to its market place competition condition and pressure (Solae code of conduct, 2010). 4.5 Water and Energy Consumption Solae is well known around the world for its efficient water and energy consumption in compare with other companies involved in food industry. Soy uses less water than other kind of proteins such as meat, milk and eggs. In addition soy is known to be an efficient source of protein based on return amount of energy use in compare with other resources of proteins. C:UsersArmanDesktopvirtuawater.jpg C:UsersArmanDesktopenergyefficiency.jpg USDA; FAO/ UNICEF, USA Protein Advisory Group (2005) 4.6 Equal Opportunity Non Discrimination Solae Company is against any discrimination regarding any employee or new application who wants to join the group because of race, sex, age, colour, national origin, marital status, expression or ancestry (Solae, 2010). Conclusion To sum up, Core values are particularly critical in these days as we operate in markets around the world and aiming to serve customers with different needs and ideas. Obviously at Solae Company the central attention is to understand responsibilities and obligations toward individuals and environment. As experiment has shown us a companys success is pretty much dependent on ethics and moral which builds a long term reputation for both the company and industry. Unfortunately, after analyzing Nestlà ©s corporation act, clearly ethics has no place in the company long term strategy. This fact has greatly influenced companys reputation and has ruined its position in food industries around the world. As a result the concept of ethics has become one of the most important aspects of management duty. For companies as big and successful as Solae and Nestle training employees to follow ethical and social principles are key success factor and has to be observed and practice continually. Many businesses are interested in making money, and that is the bottom line or in other words they just want to be in business; on the other hand there are many businesses that making money does not mean everything to them, but doing the right thing and having responsibility and commitment toward society have far more importance. Solae has to continue its effort in practicing ethical principles in all company levels and Nestle has to change its long term strategy and pay attention to what is right and wrong.

July’s People by Nadine Gordimer Essays -- Julys People Nadine Gordim

"July’s People" by Nadine Gordimer In July’s People, Nadine Gordimer gives a very detailed and knowledgeable explanation of the political turmoil within South Africa. By expressing the emotions of a family involved in the deteriorating situation and the misunderstandings between blacks and whites, she adds a very personal and emotional touch, which allows the reader to understand the true horror and terror these people experienced. Gordimer writes of how the Smales family reacts, survives, and adjusts to this life altering experience. She makes obvious throughout the book that prejudice plays a major role in uncovering the reactions of Bamford and Maureen Smales. The Smales were a suburban, upper middle class, white family living in Southern Africa until political turmoil and war forced them to flee from their home and lives. Rebel black armies in Soweto and other areas of Southern Africa revolted against the government and the minority white race, attacking radio and television stations and burning the homes of whites. The Smales needed to get out quickly. Their servant July, whom they had always treated well and had a very uncommon relationship with, offered to guide the family to his village. The Smales, having no other options, accepted July’s offer and ran in haste and confusion to the dearth village. They knew little of the drastic adjustments they would have to make in order to survive in July’s rustic village. These adjustments would soon threaten their relationships with one another and their family’s structure. The three Smales children, Victor, Royce and Gina, had not experienced, and therefore had not expected to live a life of luxury amongst people of their â€Å"own† kind. This innocence contributes greatly to the rate and comfort in which they adjust to living in July’s village. Bam and Maureen may not have felt prejudice towards the black race, but were certainly prejudice about the lifestyle in which they must now live, a lifestyle completely stripped of any and all luxuries they once enjoyed. All of the family members, facing a new way of life, adjust to their situation in radically different ways. Each one drifts in their own direction in search of comfort and acceptance throughout their experiences living amongst July’s people. The first adjustment the Smales family had to make was the realization that they no longer had all of ... ...and towards the sound of the helicopter, towards the hope of renewal. Because of Maureen’s flight from the village and from any responsibilities she once had, Bam must now become the mother figure of the family, nurturing his children and taking on what was once her role. July’s People is a story of the reactions, adaptations, and survival of Bamford and Maureen Smales to the life they have found in a black village after being thrown from their middle-class white neighborhood. Bam’s adjustment to their new life in the village was much better than Maureen’s because he handled the situation rationally by attempting to become a part of the community without letting his emotions get the best of him. Maureen, on the other hand, could not adjust to the situation and went almost completely insane because she could not accept a life without racial and gender structures. This alteration in her lifestyle was completely unbearable and she couldn’t survive without the power, control, and luxuries she once had. As a result of the radically different reactions and adaptations of Bam and Maureen to the life in July’s village, their relationship with one another was completely disintegrated.